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What are the hazards of working with Ammonia?

Ammonia is widely used as a refrigerant gas, as well as in the fertilizer industry. A colourless gas with a sharp, penetrating, intensely irritating odour and a colourless liquid under pressure, it is not considered a flammable gas. However, a large and intense energy source may cause ignition and/or explosion. Ammonia gas can decompose at high temperatures forming very flammable hydrogen and toxic nitrogen dioxide. It is a COMPRESSED GAS and a confined space explosion and toxicity hazard. Ammonia gas is a CORROSIVE GAS and may be fatal if inhaled. Ammonia gas may cause lung injury, and the liquefied gas can cause frostbite and corrosive injury to eyes and skin. Ammonia gas is a severe respiratory tract irritant. Most people can detect it by smell at 0.6 to 53 ppm. Nose and throat irritation may be noticed at concentrations as low as 24 ppm after 2-6 hours exposure. A 10-minute exposure to 30 ppm may be faintly irritating to some, while 50 ppm may be found to be moderately irritating b
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Process Safety Management

THE 14 ELEMENTS YOU SHOULD INCLUDE IN PSM PROGRAM- 1. Employee Participation. 2. Process Safety Information. 3. Process Hazard Analysis. 4. Operating Procedures. 5. Trainings. 6. Contractors. 7. Pre start up safety review. 8. Mechanical integrity. 9. Hot work permit. 10. Management of change. 11. Incident investigation. 12. Emergency planning and response. 13. Complaince Audits. 14. Trade secrets. Description as below- 1. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION Perhaps one of the most important mandates, the employee participation clause requires that employees—including production and maintenance staff—be involved in every aspect of the PSM programs at their respective worksites. They must also be represented at the meetings where PSM-related issues are discussed. OSHA requires employee participation to be followed as written, so employers should create formal plans. 2. PROCESS SAFETY INFORMATION According to  OSHA’s PSM mandates , “The employer shall complete a compilation of written process safety i
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TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

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  Some common types of  scaffolding  are as follows: Single pole (standard) type scaffolding (Putlog Scaffold) Double pole (standard) type scaffolding (Independent Scaffold) Rolling Scaffolding, Trestle, Mobile Towers, Patented Scaffolding (Mobile Scaffold) Outrigger Scaffolding Swinging (Hanging) Scaffolding Suspended Scaffolding Boatswain’s Chair Single pole type scaffolding (Putlog Scaffold) The upright (vertical poles/Standard) should rest on a strong foundation to support the load without a settlement. They should not be kept more than 3 meters apart. Tubular uprights have steel base plates placed on wooden/steel sole plates. Soft ground should be well rammed and leveled. Fixing like steel bolts, nails of fiber rope of approved size, joint pins and couplers should be properly fitted. For load-bearing right-angled or swivel, couplers must be used. Putlog couplers are useful for putlog members only. Putlog members (horizontal, ledger) must be at least 10-20 cm be inserted in the wal
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OIL AND GAS SAFETY OFFICER INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

  Q1.What is Safety?  Safety is free from risk and danger (The word safety drives from the Latin word “salvus‟ means uninjured and healthy). Q2. What are the responsibilities of Safety Officer?  The HSE Officer acts an advisory capacity to the management and supervision with regards Health and Safety Environment, He is to monitor and ensure that the activities are being performed with acceptable safety norms.  Helping supervisors to identify hazardous and unsafe conditions and ensuring rectifications. Conducting toolbox meeting, Supervisors  safety meeting , conducting training in various topics, conducting safety incentive program, conducting safety auditing/inspection. Taking disciplinary action against the violations. Conducting risk assessment and JSA, pre-task meeting and all other projects related safety requirements. Keep track record all incidents at site. He is to investigate hazards and dangerous occurrences, examine the cause of accident, carry out a  safety inspection  on-s
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